questions

Considering the “Community-First Public Safety” case study, and the articles on different ways of approaching policy analysis, in a second policy memo for the mayor, first discuss what problem the several programs/components (Reimagining Public Safety in Saint Paul) are addressing (be as specific as possible in defining the problem-and is it the same for the various stakeholders?).  Provide a brief overview of each program components. For the three most important components  in terms of the Mayor’s overall vision, forward map the policy components as best you can. Provide all this information in a detailed policy memo.

Answer

1. Introduction

1.2 Purpose In approaching their vision of public safety, the authors now attempt to address the problems of taking both crime control and prevention of harm into a new light. They begin by proposing a trade-off of the present allocation of crime control resources and public focus on safety in an attempt to restore government responsibility. In accordance with this tradeoff, they suggest a shift to an integrated model of safety that is community-focused but still maintains practical and effective crime control. Given the evidence of misapplied crime control and its influence in creating a less safe society, the authors believe that reallocation will allow for more effective and efficient crime control that is more equitable in its application. This should assist in breaking the conflict between race and poverty and public safety by allowing equal justice to reduce crime and free more communities from fear of it.

The authors begin by offering a compelling argument against the traditional just-desserts model. Through short narratives and hard statistics about law enforcement, they illustrate the limits and shortcomings of police and carceral systems in preventing harm. They cite a 2011 Pew Center Public Safety Performance Project report that revealed at least 1 out of every 100 Americans is behind bars, a number higher than any other country. Alarmingly, the majority of those behind bars are non-violent offenders. The authors point to data from the National Research Council’s (NRC) Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence report indicating that police force has been applied excessively and often to an ineffectual end. They also highlight the negligence of the War on Drugs and its recent surge in incarceration rates of color and poor. With this information, the category of prevention of harm is already beginning to crumble under the weight of reduced government responsibility and ill-directed application of crime control resources. The authors illustrate this point by calling an end to Drug War grand strategy, a repeal of the extensive laws that have been placed on the record, and its replacement with more targeted interventions on specific problems.

1.1. Background

Primarily through evaluation of the changes in policing policy and practice in a number of countries, but with a continuing interest in broader social policies and criminal justice measures, the Centre for Criminology and Sociolegal Studies has an active role in research on policing and public safety. This encompasses work of faculty members, research associates, and students. An occasional series of seminars provide a forum for presentation and discussion of work on policing, and a number of past and present doctoral students are engaged in research on policing topics. This research has recently resulted in the award of a major, five-year strategic grant to the Centre and its collaborators from the Canadian government Social Science and Humanities Research Council, supporting a project on innovation in policing in Canada. This grant funding provides an important basis for the research team to address current problems and policy challenges in public safety, and to make a constructive contribution to policy learning and the optimization of safety and justice outcomes in Canada, and where pertinent, in other countries.

Systemic racism and other forms of discrimination served to exacerbate these problems in certain communities, and led to widespread perceptions of discriminatory and unjust treatment by criminal justice agencies and the law. It is within this general policy context that the idea and practices of Community and Problem-Oriented Policing have emerged over the last thirty years. These suggest a different placement of emphasis and strategy of engagement with communities and partner agencies, to reorientate the focus of crime prevention onto the conditions that give rise to crime and disorder, and to develop consensus methods of resolving these problems. During the period from 1997 to present, the problem-oriented policing model has been at the vanguard of major changes in policy emphasis and practice in a number of US policing agencies. This has been significantly influenced by wider organizational and procedural changes in the realm of policing and criminal justice in the UK and other western countries, often under the rubric of partnership working and community engagement.

The historical development of the US urban, industrial society provides the background to policy making in the realm of crime prevention and criminal justice. This development led to a high degree of specialization and fragmentation in social and criminal justice service provision. In consequence, the society has inherited a criminal justice model that is intrinsically wedded to a traditional law enforcement rationale, and a penal sanctions-based approach to crime control. These orientations to crime reduction have been only marginally effective at best, and have produced significant, negative social side effects.

2. Problem Definition

2.1. Identifying the Problem

2.2. Stakeholders’ Perspectives

3. Overview of Program Components

3.1. Program Component 1

3.2. Program Component 2

3.3. Program Component 3

3.4. Program Component 4

3.5. Program Component 5

4. Mapping Policy Components

4.1. Mayor’s Vision

4.2. Policy Component 1

4.2.1. Alignment with Mayor’s Vision

4.2.2. Implementation Strategy

4.3. Policy Component 2

4.3.1. Alignment with Mayor’s Vision

4.3.2. Implementation Strategy

4.4. Policy Component 3

4.4.1. Alignment with Mayor’s Vision

4.4.2. Implementation Strategy

5. Conclusion

Community-First Public Safety: Addressing Problems and Mapping Policy Components

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